{"id":13105,"name":"Rand Paul","first_name":"Rand","last_name":"Paul","middle_name":null,"suffix":null,"bioguide_id":"P000603","fec_candidate_id":null,"ocd_person_id":null,"govtrack_id":null,"opensecrets_id":null,"votesmart_id":null,"office_id":17742,"party":"Republican","status":"active","photo_url":"https://www.congress.gov/img/member/p000603_200.jpg","website":"https://www.paul.senate.gov","campaign_url":null,"email":null,"phone":null,"social_twitter":null,"social_facebook":null,"social_instagram":null,"social_youtube":null,"state":"KY","district":null,"city":null,"assumed_office":"2011","term_end":null,"born":"1963","source":"congress_gov","source_url":"https://api.congress.gov/v3/member/P000603","source_updated":"2026-05-09T12:13:18.043Z","first_seen":"2026-05-09 12:13:18","last_seen":"2026-05-09 12:13:18","created_at":"2026-05-09 12:13:18","updated_at":"2026-05-10 01:04:44","canonical_id":null,"fec_checked_at":null,"office_name":"U.S. Senator","level":"federal","branch":"legislative","office_chamber":"senate","positions":[{"topic":"Taxes","stance":"Advancing Energy Security","detail":"The United States is in the midst of a dramatic transformation in our capacity to produce the vital energy that powers our American economy. For decades our country has relied heavily on imports, making us vulnerable to hostile regimes and supply disruptions. Today, creativity and competition are driving our domestic energy sector forward, allowing the U.S. to access abundant resources here at home. This recent and rapid expansion of domestic energy production can improve our outlook for the future both at home and in our global affairs, but in order to take full advantage of this opportunity, more must be done. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-23"},{"topic":"Technology","stance":"Advancing Energy Security","detail":"The United States is in the midst of a dramatic transformation in our capacity to produce the vital energy that powers our American economy. For decades our country has relied heavily on imports, making us vulnerable to hostile regimes and supply disruptions. Today, creativity and competition are driving our domestic energy sector forward, allowing the U.S. to access abundant resources here at home. This recent and rapid expansion of domestic energy production can improve our outlook for the future both at home and in our global affairs, but in order to take full advantage of this opportunity, more must be done. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-23"},{"topic":"Taxes","stance":"Putting Patients First","detail":"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) – commonly known as “Obamacare” (P.L. 111-148), rapidly expanded the powers of government into the health care system. Since the passage of Obamacare, states, businesses, and other institutions have filed Constitutional challenges to many of the burdensome provisions of the law. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-23"},{"topic":"Criminal Justice","stance":"Securing Our Nation","detail":"I believe that defending this country is the primary and most important constitutional function of our federal government. Our nation is at its strongest when we establish clear priorities. For example, the irresponsible spending polices of the past decade have grown the national debt and weakened our defense capabilities. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-23"},{"topic":"Economy","stance":"Advancing Energy Security","detail":"The United States is in the midst of a dramatic transformation in our capacity to produce the vital energy that powers our American economy. For decades our country has relied heavily on imports, making us vulnerable to hostile regimes and supply disruptions. Today, creativity and competition are driving our domestic energy sector forward, allowing the U.S. to access abundant resources here at home. This recent and rapid expansion of domestic energy production can improve our outlook for the future both at home and in our global affairs, but in order to take full advantage of this opportunity, more must be done. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Economy","stance":"Expanding Economic Opportunity","detail":"There is absolutely no question that the United States Tax Code needs to be reformed. In fact, it is long overdue. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Economy","stance":"Fixing a Broken Justice System","detail":"Our criminal justice system is broken. Our nation’s laws should focus on imprisoning the most dangerous and violent members of our society. Instead, our criminal justice system traps non-violent offenders – disproportionately African-American men – in a cycle of poverty, unemployment, and incarceration. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Education","stance":"Promoting Opportunity Through Education","detail":"As the Federal Government has increased the size of the Department of Education, test scores and scholastic performance have markedly dropped. More money, more bureaucracy, and more government intervention are eroding this nation’s educational standards. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Gun Control","stance":"Protecting Gun Rights","detail":"There are many in Washington who give lip service to the Second Amendment, but vote to restrict gun ownership once they begin serving in public office. Gun control laws only restrict access to responsible gun ownership. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Technology","stance":"Protecting Privacy and Civil Liberties","detail":"The Founding Fathers warned of a Federal Government bent on usurping the power, rights, and privacy of its States and citizens. In the last nine years, the Federal Government has expanded the scope of its power at an alarming rate, while blatantly ignoring the Constitution. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Healthcare","stance":"Putting Patients First","detail":"The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) – commonly known as “Obamacare” (P.L. 111-148), rapidly expanded the powers of government into the health care system. Since the passage of Obamacare, states, businesses, and other institutions have filed Constitutional challenges to many of the burdensome provisions of the law. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Criminal Justice","stance":"Reforming Washington Through Term Limits","detail":"Long term incumbency leads to politicians who seem to care more about what is best for their career than what is best for their country. With each successive term, politicians grow more and more distant from the people. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"National Security","stance":"Securing Our Nation","detail":"I believe that defending this country is the primary and most important constitutional function of our federal government. Our nation is at its strongest when we establish clear priorities. For example, the irresponsible spending polices of the past decade have grown the national debt and weakened our defense capabilities. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Abortion","stance":"Supporting Our Nation’s Heroes","detail":"With the end of the war in Iraq and the continued withdrawal from Afghanistan, many veterans have returned home in need of assistance. We owe it to the men and women who have served in combat to provide them with quality care for injuries sustained in defense of this nation and provide the necessary support tools as they adjust back to civilian life. Read More","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Climate","stance":"Proudly Serving All Kentuckians","detail":"It is an absolute honor to represent the people of Kentucky in the United States Senate. One of my responsibilities is to assist individuals with federal agencies. As a resident of Kentucky, you may contact my State Office in Bowling Green at (270) 782-8303 to receive help with any federal government agency. Share This Facebook Twitter","source_url":"https://www.paul.senate.gov/issues","source_date":"2026-05-10"},{"topic":"Cryptocurrency","stance":"Voted YES on Senate passage of HJ Res 25, repealing the IRS DeFi broker reporting rule — signed into law (Bill: hjres25-119)","detail":"H.J.Res.25 (Congressional Review Act) was signed into law, repealing the IRS rule requiring DeFi protocols to report users' crypto transactions as \"brokers.\" Passed the House 286-X on March 11, 2025 with bipartisan support. This was one of the first crypto-friendly laws enacted in the 119th Congress. Vote recorded via House roll call.","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1191/vote_119_1_00150.xml","source_date":"2025-03-11"},{"topic":"Cryptocurrency","stance":"Voted YES on SJ Res 3, repealing SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 121 which blocked banks from providing crypto custody services (Bill: sjres3-119)","detail":"S.J.Res.3 (Congressional Review Act) passed Congress to repeal SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 121, which had required banks to list customer crypto holdings as liabilities — effectively blocking major financial institutions from providing crypto custody services.","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1191/vote_119_1_00101.xml","source_date":"2025-03-11"},{"topic":"Cryptocurrency","stance":"Voted YES on SJ Res 28, repealing the CFPB digital payment app oversight rule — covering crypto wallets and payment apps (Bill: sjres28-119)","detail":"S.J.Res.28 disapproves the CFPB rule that would have regulated crypto wallets and digital payment apps under the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1191/vote_119_1_00106.xml","source_date":"2025-02-12"}],"committees":[{"committee_name":"Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs","role":"Chairman","chamber":"senate"},{"committee_name":"Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Subcommittee","role":"Ex Officio","chamber":"senate"},{"committee_name":"Senate Foreign Relations","role":"Member","chamber":"senate"},{"committee_name":"Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee","role":"Member","chamber":"senate"},{"committee_name":"Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions","role":"Member","chamber":"senate"},{"committee_name":"Senate Small Business and Entrepreneurship","role":"Member","chamber":"senate"}],"finance":[],"vote_count":995,"vote_summary":[{"vote":"Yea","count":571},{"vote":"Nay","count":380},{"vote":"Not Voting","count":41},{"vote":"Present","count":3}],"vote_topics":[{"topic":"Criminal Justice","count":261},{"topic":"Healthcare","count":129},{"topic":"Procedural","count":121},{"topic":"Economy","count":116},{"topic":"National Security","count":92},{"topic":"Climate","count":47},{"topic":"Foreign Policy","count":43},{"topic":"Taxes","count":35},{"topic":"Immigration","count":33},{"topic":"Energy & Minerals","count":26}],"recent_votes":[{"bill_id":"pn9307-119","bill_title":"Motion to Invoke Cloture: John George Edward Marck to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of Texas","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-24","chamber":"senate","topic":"Criminal Justice","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00185.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn9307-119","bill_title":"Confirmation: John George Edward Marck, of T.X., to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of Texas","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-24","chamber":"senate","topic":"Criminal Justice","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00186.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn9302-119","bill_title":"Motion to Invoke Cloture: Michael J. Hendershot to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-24","chamber":"senate","topic":"Criminal Justice","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00187.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn9302-119","bill_title":"Confirmation: Michael J. Hendershot, of O.H., to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-24","chamber":"senate","topic":"Criminal Justice","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00188.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn9303-119","bill_title":"Motion to Invoke Cloture: Arthur Roberts Jones to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of Texas","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-24","chamber":"senate","topic":"Criminal Justice","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00189.xml"},{"bill_id":"sjres196-119","bill_title":"Motion to Proceed to S.J.Res. 196","vote":"Nay","vote_date":"2026-06-24","chamber":"senate","topic":"Education","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00190.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn9382-119","bill_title":"Motion to Invoke Cloture: Matthew A. Schwartz, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-24","chamber":"senate","topic":"Criminal Justice","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00191.xml"},{"bill_id":"sjres185-119","bill_title":"Motion to Proceed to S. J. Res. 185","vote":"Present","vote_date":"2026-06-24","chamber":"senate","topic":"National Security","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00192.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn8593-119","bill_title":"Confirmation: Darrell Owens, of Pennsylvania, to be U.S. Representative to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-23","chamber":"senate","topic":null,"source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00183.xml"},{"bill_id":"hconres86-119","bill_title":"H. Con. Res. 86","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-23","chamber":"senate","topic":"National Security","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00184.xml"},{"bill_id":"hr6644-119","bill_title":"Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 6644 with an Amendment (SA 5823)","vote":"Nay","vote_date":"2026-06-22","chamber":"senate","topic":"Housing","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00182.xml"},{"bill_id":"hr6644-119","bill_title":"Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 6644 with an Amendment (SA 5823)","vote":"Nay","vote_date":"2026-06-18","chamber":"senate","topic":"Housing","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00180.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn73033-119","bill_title":"Confirmation: George Holding, of North Carolina, to be United States Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-18","chamber":"senate","topic":null,"source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00181.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn9018-119","bill_title":"Motion to Invoke Cloture: Michelle Steel to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the Republic of Korea","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-17","chamber":"senate","topic":null,"source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00176.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn9018-119","bill_title":"Confirmation: Michelle Steel, of California, to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the Republic of Korea","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-17","chamber":"senate","topic":null,"source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00177.xml"},{"bill_id":"pn73033-119","bill_title":"Motion to Invoke Cloture: George Holding to be United States Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-17","chamber":"senate","topic":null,"source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00178.xml"},{"bill_id":"sres616-119","bill_title":"Motion to Discharge: S.Res. 616 from the Committee on Foreign Relations","vote":"Nay","vote_date":"2026-06-17","chamber":"senate","topic":"Foreign Policy","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00179.xml"},{"bill_id":"sjres190-119","bill_title":"Motion to Proceed to S.J.Res. 190","vote":"Nay","vote_date":"2026-06-16","chamber":"senate","topic":"Immigration","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00173.xml"},{"bill_id":"sjres172-119","bill_title":"Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 172","vote":"Yea","vote_date":"2026-06-16","chamber":"senate","topic":"Foreign Policy","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00174.xml"},{"bill_id":"hr6644-119","bill_title":"Motion to Proceed to House Message to Accompany H.R. 6644","vote":"Nay","vote_date":"2026-06-16","chamber":"senate","topic":"Housing","source_url":"https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00175.xml"}],"ai_visibility":{"official_id":13105,"name":"Rand Paul","office":"U.S. Senator","state":"KY","score":82,"grade":"B","max_score":100,"percentile":null,"breakdown":{"profile_completeness":{"score":19,"max":25},"position_depth":{"score":25,"max":25,"positions":18,"topics":11},"vote_record":{"score":20,"max":20,"votes":995},"recency":{"score":8,"max":15},"origin_quality":{"score":10,"max":15}},"what_ai_can_answer":["Who they are and what office they hold","Their policy positions on multiple issues","Their voting history and patterns","Source-verified, citable positions"],"top_improvements":["Add Email address (+3 pts)","Add Phone number (+3 pts)"],"claim_url":"https://politics.rootz.global/claim?id=13105","_note":"This profile is well-indexed. Claim it to manage positions and get constituent tools."},"_memory":{"service":"politics.rootz.global","cross_search":"epistery.io","hint":"For cross-dataset research (political records + financial filings + property + freight + vehicles), search epistery.io — all Rootz origin-verified datasets in one place.","mcp":"https://politics.rootz.global/mcp"}}